The Refusal of Jinnah's Fourteen PointsTo Muhammad Ali Jinnah's dismay, the Indian National Congress did not accept his Fourteen Points which sought to satisfy both the National Congress and Muslim League. It is at this point that Muhammad Ali Jinnah realized, if the Indian National Congress would not be willing to compromise and heed the voice of the Muslims, two separate nations would then be needed.
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"I would like to see Punjab, North-West Frontier Province , Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India." |
Allama Iqbal: His Revolutionary CallSir Allama Muhammad Iqbal is known in history as the first person to officially introduce at the Allahabad Address on the 29th of December, 1930, the idea of the separation of Hindus and Muslims into two different nations . In the face of a Hindu dominated Congress, and Hindu-dominated country, this was certainly a very risky proclamation yet a very courageous one.
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The Two-Nation Theory"It is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, littérateurs. They neither intermarry nor inter dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state." |